Part 1: Make the Tart Crust
Make the Dough
In a food processor, pulse flour, sugar, and salt together.
Add cold butter cubes; pulse until mixture resembles coarse crumbs with pea‑sized pieces.
Add egg; pulse until dough just starts to clump together. Add ice water a few drops at a time only if needed.
Do not overmix.
Chill the Dough
Turn dough onto a lightly floured surface; press into a disc.
Wrap in plastic wrap; refrigerate at least 1 hour (up to overnight).
Line the Tart Pan
Roll chilled dough into a circle about ⅛‑inch thick on a lightly floured surface.
Gently drape over a 9‑inch (23 cm) tart pan with removable bottom; press into sides without stretching.
Trim excess dough flush with the rim.
Freeze lined tart pan 30 minutes before blind baking.
Blind Bake the Crust
Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C).
Line frozen tart shell with parchment paper; fill with pie weights, dried beans, or uncooked rice.
First bake: Bake 20 minutes until edges are set and firm.
Remove parchment and weights carefully.
Second bake: Bake 10 more minutes until bottom is dry, golden brown, and fully baked.
Cool completely on a wire rack before filling.
Part 2: Make the Lemon Curd Filling
Cook the Lemon Curd
In a heatproof bowl, whisk egg yolks, sugar, salt, fresh lemon juice, and lemon zest until combined.
Set bowl over a saucepan of gently simmering water (double boiler); make sure bowl does not touch the water.
Cook over low heat, whisking constantly, 8–12 minutes until mixture is thick enough to coat the back of a spoon.
Add Butter
Remove from heat; whisk in cold butter cubes one at a time until fully melted and incorporated.
Add heavy cream if using; whisk until smooth.
For an ultra‑smooth curd, strain through a fine‑mesh sieve into a clean bowl.
Cool the Curd
Press a sheet of plastic wrap directly onto the surface of the curd to prevent a skin forming.
Let cool to room temperature, then refrigerate 2–3 hours until fully set and thickened.
Fill the Tart Shell
Pour chilled, set lemon curd into the cooled tart shell.
Smooth the top evenly with a small offset spatula.
Refrigerate the assembled tart at least 4 hours (overnight is even better) before adding the meringue.
Part 3: Make the Swiss Meringue and Finish
Make the Swiss Meringue
In a stand mixer bowl (or heatproof bowl), combine egg whites, sugar, and cream of tartar.
Set bowl over a saucepan of simmering water; stir frequently with a whisk until sugar is fully dissolved and mixture reaches 160–175°F (71–80°C), about 6–8 minutes.
Transfer to stand mixer; whip on high speed with whisk attachment until glossy, stiff peaks form and bowl has cooled to warm (about 5–7 minutes).
Add vanilla extract if using; whip 30 more seconds.
Top the Tart with Meringue
Remove set tart from the fridge.
Pile meringue generously over the lemon curd filling.
Use the back of a spoon or offset spatula to create swirls and peaks for texture.
Toast the Meringue
Kitchen torch (recommended): Hold torch 2–3 inches from the surface; move in circular motions until tips are golden brown and lightly charred in spots for that classic burnished finish.
Oven broil (alternative): Place under broiler on the top rack 2–3 minutes, watching closely — it browns very fast.
The meringue should be beautifully golden with some charred tips throughout.
Chill and Serve
Refrigerate at least 30 minutes after topping with meringue before serving.
Remove tart from pan by setting it on a jar and letting the ring fall away.
Slice with a sharp hot knife (dip in hot water, wipe clean between cuts) for clean slices.
Garnish with powdered sugar, lemon zest, or fresh berries if desired.